Gum Disease and Its Treatment

Because gum disease can progress silently, it is often noticed late. Yet when treated early, it can largely be brought under control.

How does gum disease start?

If the bacterial plaque that builds up on teeth is not cleaned regularly, it causes inflammation of the gums. This first stage is called gingivitis. Over time the plaque hardens into tartar, which is harder to remove.

Signs

• Bleeding when brushing or flossing
• Red, swollen and tender gums
• Persistent bad breath
• Receding gums, teeth looking longer
• Loose teeth in advanced cases

What happens if it is not treated?

Untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. At this stage the inflammation reaches the bone and tissues that support the teeth; bone loss can develop and, in advanced cases, teeth can be lost.

Risk factors

• Poor oral hygiene
• Smoking
• Certain general health conditions such as diabetes
• Genetic predisposition and stress

Treatment options

• Professional cleaning: Tartar and plaque are removed by the dentist.
• Scaling and root planing: Tartar and inflamed tissue below the gumline are cleaned.
• Surgical treatment: In advanced cases, surgical procedures may be performed by a periodontist.
• Regular follow-up: Check-ups after treatment are important to prevent recurrence.

If your gums bleed or feel tender, book an appointment with our periodontist without delay.

This article is for information only; please consult your dentist for diagnosis and treatment.