Bad Breath: Causes and Solutions

Bad breath (halitosis) is a common problem that can affect social life. The good news is that in most cases the source is inside the mouth and can be controlled with proper care.

Common causes

• Bacteria on the tongue: The bacterial coating at the back of the tongue is the most common source.
• Poor oral hygiene: Food debris and plaque between the teeth cause odour.
• Gum disease and tooth decay
• Dry mouth: Saliva naturally cleans the mouth; drinking too little water, mouth breathing and some medications can cause dry mouth.
• Smoking and certain foods: Foods such as garlic and onion cause temporary odour.
• Dentures and appliances that are not cleaned

Causes outside the mouth

Less often, sinusitis, tonsil problems, reflux or some general health conditions can cause bad breath. If no cause is found in the mouth during a dental examination, it is advisable to see the relevant physician.

Tips to prevent bad breath

• Brush your teeth twice a day for at least two minutes with fluoride toothpaste.
• Gently clean your tongue with a toothbrush or tongue scraper.
• Clean between your teeth every day with floss or interdental brushes.
• Drink enough water throughout the day.
• Consider quitting smoking.
• Clean your dentures, aligners or appliances regularly.
• Don’t skip your 6-monthly dental check-up and professional cleaning when needed.

If your bad breath continues despite these measures, we recommend an examination to find the underlying cause.

This article is for information only; please consult your dentist for diagnosis and treatment.